What
is Matter?
Anything
that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Chemistry:
the
study of matter and how it changes
Changes
of matter:
Physical
change: a change in physical properties
(size,
shape, color or state)
Chemical
change: a change in the chemical make-up
(a
new substance is formed)
Element:
a
substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler
substance (only 1 kind of atom, pure)
Periodic
Table of Elements on pages 78-79
(examples:
carbon, gold, hydrogen, silicon, 118 total)
Rules
for writing Element Symbols: (not abbreviations)
1.
first letter is ALWAYS capitalized
2.
second letter is ALWAYS lower case
Atom:
the
smallest particle of an element
(has
the properties of the element)
Compound:
a substance
made of more than one element
chemically
combined
(Water
is 2 Hydrogens + 1 Oxygen = H20)
Chemical
Formula:
the
chemical symbols and numbers indicating the
atoms
contained in a substance
C6H12O6
C =
Carbon (subscript 6 means 6 atoms)
H =
Hydrogen (subscript 12 means 12 atoms)
O =
Oxygen (subscript 6 means 6 atoms)
This
is the formula for sugar (glucose)
Pure
substance:
Any
matter that has a fixed composition and definite
properties
(elements and compounds) water or sugar
Mixture:
A
combination of more that one pure substance
(not chemically combined)
Heterogeneous
Mixture:
Substances
are not even throughout (not dissolved)
(flour
and water, oil and water)
Immiscible:
liquids that dont dissolve into each other
Homogeneous
Mixture:
Substances
mixed evenly throughout (dissolved)
(salt
and water, gasoline, air we breathe)
Miscible:
liquids that dissolve into
each other
Hints & Examples
Hydrogen = explosive gas
Oxygen
is flammable gas
H2O
is a liquid that extinguishes fires?
Carbon = C
Oxygen = O
Carbon Monoxide = CO
Cobalt = Co
CO & Co are NOT the same!
Symbols not abbreviations
Sodium
= Na (Latin is Natrium)
Gold
= Au (Latin is Aurium)
Tungsten
= W (Latin is Wolfram)
Lead
= Pb (Latin is Plumbum)
Lead
worker is a plumber!
Deadly Story
A man gets a package of chemicals
The
label says Hf which is Halfnium a harmless element.
He
opens the box and dies instantly.
The
label should have been HF.
Hydrogen
Fluoride a toxic gas!